Marketing Manager of Oreos Essay

In this written assignment, I will be accepting the role of a marketing manager that will select a product (good or service) that’s sold in the United States and has sales opportunities in a foreign market. The product I have chosen is Oreo’s, are the world’s favorite cookie. Throughout this assignment, I will apply my critical thinking skills and the knowledge I have attained throughout this course to the product that I have chosen. The first steps in marketing are putting the right product out at the right price and the right time. All of us have grown up with Oreo cookies, we all have our disputes as to the way to eat them dunking them in milk or twisting off one side then eating the middle first. Since the introduction in 1912, the Oreo cookies has become the bestselling cookie in the U.S. (Rosenbery). Since the Oreo has been around there has been 362 billion cookies sold which then makes it the â€Å"best-selling† cookie. The first Oreo to be sold was in Hoboken, NJ. At this time the packaging of the cookie was a â€Å"bulk tin and was sold by the weight†(Oreo). The Oreos time and place utility can be found in more than 100 countries and in all super markets. The Ease of Possession utility adds value by reducing reasons not to buy or adding incentives to purchase (White). Oreos can be found in every store that sells food or any country so when you are feeling like an Oreo all you have to do is find a super market. Oreo’s target market is anyone over the age of 12, Kraft promised to stop advertising its most high in calories products to kids under the age of 12, this is first major food company to do so (Callahan). The 100-year-old sandwich cookie, a $2 billion brand, is going global in a big way. Emerging markets will account for about half of Oreo sales this year, and over the past five years emerging markets including Asia and Latin America have been the major drivers of the brand’s growth. Thanks to the overseas push, overall Oreo sales grew nearly 25 percent in 2011(Einhorn). The number one foreign market for Oreo’s China is now the world’s largest Oreo market outside the United States, with 41.9% growth in measured consumption over the last year, according to ACNielsen (Wai-yin Kwok). In  order for me to apply the STP approach in the American and foreign market is first I will have to determine which types of customers exist, select which ones we would be able to serve best, and then implement our segmentation by improving our cookies for that segment and show that we made the choice to stand out and remain rare. The primary segment is one for who the product is designed for, maximum revenue will come from the primary target market. These customers that share common characteristics and behaviors account for the highest capacity of sales and are most likely to buy now. The positioning of Oreo cookie is tempting to kids and teenagers they are the highest consumers of cookies. The secondary market is future primary buyers, persons buying at a high rate in a small segment and people who influence primary buyers. However their characteristics and buying behaviors usually are different from those of the primary market. For example this would be the persons that live a fast passed life style like adults, and working parents, and grandparents. In order s to implement our target, we must begin positioning by choosing what image the company would like to portray to our consumers. One way is for the company to maintain a strong competitive advantage. Consumers are more willing to pay premiums for products that are not harmful to the environment. I would develop, execute, and measure a campaign for this product considering the four p’s (product, price, promotion, and place) by choosing what Oreo is known for. The product should also be of high quality, since consumers will not pay a premium price for none premium product. With pricing I would have a reasonable price for the quality of product but also would guarantee freshness. Major trend in the foreign markets that will hurt business sales is some couture’s don’t like high in fat foods. In order to get into a foreign market and stay we will have to research and find out what they are looking for in a cookie. According to Global Journal of Finance and Management the reach they found was that the Chinese lacked the emotional attachment with the cookie pertaining to a strange shape, high value and even a taste that wasn’t the best of what they liked. Kraft’s Chinese division used this information to formulate a modified the recipe, making a cookie prototype of a formula that tasted right (republication). Research will have to be done  when going in any foreign markets when it comes to marketing in a new area you want to have success the first time rather than later having to figure out what went wrong. Global business ethics has a number of open difficulties, Always keep in mind every culture and nation has its own values and traditions. Since there is no international code of conduct it is important for all companies to develop their own ethical values. I will have to develop standards that the Oreo company will at hear to at all times. As the marketing manager, I have studied the sales opportunities Oreos has in a foreign market. I applied my critical thinking skills and the knowledge I have learned throughout this course to the product that I have chosen. When companies are going into a foreign market it is imperative to really understand the markets before you lunch your products, also you need to connect with every market in order for your business to be successful. References Rosenbery, Jen (2010) http://history1900s.about.com/od/1910s/a/oreohistory.htm http://oreofunandfacts.weebly.com/history-of-oreos.html White, S. (2012). Principles of Marketing (1st Ed.). San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education, Inc. Einhorn, Bruce(2012) http://www.businessweek.com/authors/449-bruce-einhorn Wai-yin Kwok, Vivian(2008) http://www.forbes.com/2009/12/08/china-oreo-tang-cmo-network-kraft.html Amit Verma ISSN 0975-6477 Volume 6, Number 7 (2014), pp. 615-618 http://www.ripublication.com

Dpe Paper

DPE and Goal Instruction If teaching were as simple as using the one best way to teach everything, it would be considered a science. However, there isn’t just one correct method to teach everything. That is the reason teaching is an art. If teaching meant to follow a text book and a â€Å"one size fits all† approach, then anyone would be a master teacher. That is why teachers and especially special educators unique and special.That is why teachers know that individual needs, strengths and weaknesses must be considered to make the instructional process successful and geared to equip the student to achieve his optimum skills and abilities to meet the challenges of daily living. Students come with their own individual packages and no two of them are alike. Even though the curriculum is the same, no two students learn the same way. Teachers are challenged to meet the students’ â€Å"package† and to create an approach at instruction that take into consideration the students’ differing abilities, strengths and needs are satisfied.To compound the challenges of instruction, the intellectually disabled (ID) student presents additional dynamics that impact the art of teaching. This paper presents the diagnostic/prescriptive/evaluation (DPE) strategy of instruction for ID students. The DPE is not a concept. Educators have been using it for decades (Mann and Phillips, 1967). During the past 40 years it has been improved and refined (Ewing & Brecht). The paper examines each of the components of DPE: diagnosis, prescription, and evaluation (Thomas, 1996). In conclusion it presents two applications of implementing the DPE with two students diagnosed with ID.The diagnostic process requires great skill and effort from the teacher. Alone the special educator cannot perform all the necessary functions of diagnosis. With the assistance of the other members of the Multidisciplinary Team (MDT) and other service personnel, they are able to determine the needs of individual learners and to specify instructional objectives that will help the student satisfy his educational needs (Eisele, 1967). During this phase the teacher is to determine the most demanding needs of the student. The entire diagnostic process depends upon the ccurate identification of these needs. The specialists on the MDT provide the teacher with the data, or means of acquiring the data, about the student that are necessary for determining the student’s needs. This takes the form of providing formal and informal testing services for testing students, supplying the data that has been acquired from the testing, and providing the testing batteries that could be used for this purpose (Eisele, 1967). This becomes the Present Levels of Performance (PLOP) of the Individualized Education Program (IEP).When the MDT has collected all of the significant data and determined the demanding needs of the student, then the teacher and the specialists develop the instruc tional goals and objectives appropriate for specific needs. These goals are selected from curriculum domains and the objectives can be selected from curriculum guides and resource units. Also the teacher and specialist can generate their own objectives. When talking to the teacher and specialists, I asked what type of instructional activities and materials they use for students with ID?The teacher and specialists stated that they prescribe instructional activities and materials suitable for the student to master his objectives. This constitutes the second step in the DPE process. Prescribed learning is based on short- and long-term goals that are established for the individual student and are based on the skills needed to be mastered. Within these goals are markers to establish where there are gaps in the learning process. Instruction that follows will teach only to what the student still needs to master to be successful. It capitalizes on the strength of the student to fill in the learning gaps.The prescriptive process can be applied to almost any subject area, academic and behavioral (Deschel, Susan, 2012). Three important teaching strategies for students diagnosed with ID: 1) tasks should be broken down into small component steps and learned in sequence, 2) teaching techniques should be experiential, concrete, visual and hands-on rather than cognitive, abstract and verbally delivered in lecture form, and 3) feedback should be immediate for the student to make a connection between his answer, behavior, or question and the teacher’s response.The third phase is the evaluation process. This is a two-pronged process for the teacher. First, evaluation is necessary to assess needs and, second, to evaluate the student’s progress toward achieving his objectives. Through the evaluation process teacher monitors the understanding and performance of students before teaching the lesson, while teaching, and after teaching the lesson. The evaluation process c an inform the teacher of the effectiveness of his lessons with individuals, small groups of students, or whole classes, depending on the instruments used (Guskey, 2003).Instruction and evaluation are interactive. The teacher may evaluate student learning on the spot, or collect data at different points in time and compare progress over units of instruction. Moment-by-moment assessments allow the teacher to tap into student’s developing understandings about the objective and to enable the teacher to correct misconceptions immediately. Observations recorded over time allow the teacher to identify patterns of development and document learning gains (Guskey, 2003). This can be accomplished in many ways.Devices appropriate for the evaluating progress are data keeping, checklists, logs, standardized tests, and paper and pencil tests. Now we consider the practical applications of DPE in a classroom. Antoine is a 12 year old, sixth grader, who is diagnosed with ID and is in a special education classroom. His MDT has completed their assessments and has developed his IEP. One of his goals includes math readiness. His objective is to be able to match manipulatives to numbers expressed on cards with verbal prompting.The teacher has developed prescriptive lesson plans to enable Antoine develop the needed skills to match the manipulatives to the numbers. His first lesson is to match manipulatives to the number expressed on a picture communication symbol (PCS). He encounters difficulty in matching the manipulatives to the number on the PCS. His teacher notes the difficulty evaluating Antoine’s learning skill gap. She introduces PCS with a number of manipulatives on it equal to a number on the top of the PCS. Antoine begins to associate the manipulative with the number on the card.As he experiences success in matching the manipulatives to the number, the teacher replaces the PCS with two cards, one with the number and the other with the manipulatives. After coll ecting data indicating Antoine’s progress, the teacher removes the manipulative card. Antoine now begins to match the manipulatives to the number on the PCS. For the second example we meet John. John is a 15 year old with a diagnosis of ID and behavioral issues. He has recently developed the habit, when he becomes frustrated, of head butting objects and individuals.His MTD has met and analyzed the situation and has developed a plan to extinguish this behavior and have John express his frustration in positive behaviors. They have listed the times when John has become frustrated, the antecedent(s), and indicators that precede his head butting. The prescriptive element is to develop initially plans for John to identify his feeling of frustration and to express his emotion to the teacher. As the staff observes John during class times, they begin to note those antecedents that indicate John is becoming frustrated. They plan interventions with John to alleviate his build up of frus tration.There is the constant interplay of the diagnostic, prescriptive and evaluation processes until John is able to identify the cause of his frustration and release it with positive behaviors. There are many specific techniques that can assist in teaching students with ID. They can be summarized into three, more, general strategies. First is to allow more time and practice for the students to successfully master the objective. Second is to embed the activities into daily living or functioning as much as possible. Third is to include the student both in the social and academic activities.Diagnostic/prescriptive/evaluation strategies have been employed in the classroom as an educational strategy to remedy learning deficits (Ewing & Brecht, 1977). After speaking with a teacher about the roles and procedures that plays in the daily class, she shared with me that the diagnostic process helps the educational team define the student’s abilities and deficits. The prescriptive pro cess provides a means to plan and teach the skills and concepts a student needs most. The evaluation process measures the learning increments of any magnitude. It enables the team to redefine the diagnostic and prescriptive as needed.The DPE strategy emphasizes and identifies a prioritized life goal curriculum planning approach to identify functional skills and concepts need by a student with ID to become as successful as possible in adult life. The DPE approach assesses each student’s abilities and progress toward those individual life goals (Thomas, 1996). References Dreschel, Susan. (2012). Prescriptive Learning. http://www. ehow. com. Eisele, James E. (1967). Diagnostic Teaching: Can the Curriculum Specialist Help? Educational Leadership, January 1967. Washington, DC. Ewing, Norma & Brecht, Richard. (1977).Diagnostic/Prescriptive Instruction: A Reconsideration of Some Issues. Journal of Special Education, vol. 11. Los Angeles CA: Sage Publications. Guskey, T. R. (2003). U sing Data to Improve Student Achievement. Educational Leadership. Kauffman, James M. & Hung, Li-Yu. (2009). Special Education for Intellectual Disability: Current Trends and Perspectives. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Inc. Thomas, Glen E. (1996) Teaching Students with Mental Retardation: A Life Goal Curriculum Planning Approach. Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Atheism Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Atheism - Research Paper Example Scant credibility need be attributed to any denial of such interpretation, due to these wishes being chiefly unconscious (Vitz, 1999). However, some scholars had contended that religion must be comprehended on the basis of the conditions responsible for its origin. These were the outcome of economic, political and social forces, as these factors effected human alienation at any specific location and period. Religion had been deeply challenged by Karl Marx. It was his contention that religion was a symptom that became an integral component of the corrupt social and political order, and that it served to preserve the very issue that it attempted to resolve (Wildman, 2010). As such, Feuerbach and Marx would have been in complete agreement with regard to the notion that religious self – alienation entailed a duplication of the world into a transcendental religious world and the reality of this secular world. It could also be presumed that they would have concurred that the humanly projected features of God were correlated to the needs of humans (Brien, 2009, p. 108). According to, Feuerbach and Marx God was created to substantiate the selfish needs of humans. Furthermore, this correlation would have provided counterbalancing completion due to belief in a fictional divine entity. However, with regard to alienation arising from religious self – alienation, Marx and Feuerbach would not have been in agreement. Marx proposed that religious self – alienation was the symptom of tangible and traditionally conditioned situations, wherein humans were embroiled in highly materialistic class conflicts that brought about their estrangement (Brien, 2009, p. 108). According to Marx, religion was the indicator of traditionally conditioned situations. In fact, Feuerbach had contended that God was sanctified human nature that had transcended the restrictions of the individual man, meditated upon and celebrated as a discrete presence. It was his considered opinio n that early humans had been compelled to envisage the terrors of existence. Accordingly these individuals had projected a divine being with boundless reason, will and love. This entity could be relied upon, while encountering or undergoing the difficulties of life (Brien, 2009, p. 109). Moreover, these early humans had resorted to such a higher power, in order to find security and succor. As such, Feuerbach had contended that God was sanctified human nature that was without any restrictions. The moralists contend that the fundamental authority of moral norms; namely that some things are wrong, whilst others are right, requires the presence of God. The source of these moral standards, according to such moral contentions, is God. There have been several proponents of this argument, such as the philosophers like HP Owen. He is credited with having successfully employed this argument to convert CS Lewis, an erstwhile atheist (Ward, 2006, p. 83). According to the contention of moralists , God is the source of morals. On the other hand, Bertrand Russell had proposed a standard refutation to this conjecture. His objection was whether something could be considered to be right, merely because it had been willed so by God. This would render arbitrary, what was to be regarded as good. However, if a thing was to be accepted as right, on account of its intrinsicalness, then God would be subject to a standard of goodness that enjoyed a higher position than Himself (Ward, 2006, p. 8

NGO's Gender Empowerment in Africa the case of women in Democratic Essay

NGO's Gender Empowerment in Africa the case of women in Democratic Republic of Congo - Essay Example To quote, the reasons are: The paper stated the facts that women play a very crucial role in the development of the country. It has specifically stated that women are taking part in the peace building and even on the country’s reconstruction initiatives. Thus, it is reinforced in the paper that having this roles, women’s involvement in the major decision making process of the country will somehow ensure the improvement of the country. The paper has provided evidence that the democratic Republic of Congo is a member of those countries which have included provisions for gender equality in the constitution. This paper focused on the fact that this constitution – the political will – should now be put into action – into reality. Equal Access of women and men to electoral mandates and electoral offices will improve governance and at the same time bring sustainable solutions to development of the country; women are not seeking to govern against men, but to govern with men to maximize development potential in the DRC. (UNDF 2005) The statement above concluded the entire paper. It is reinforcing the fact that men and women should be treated equally particularly if it concerns a major decision process that will benefit and will affect the entire nation. This paper basically talks about just one right that every women should be given – and that is the right to vote and the right to acquire a position in the government. The men are enjoying this basic human right, but the Congolese women are still fighting for it. This makes this press very important in my research. With this press release, it is now clear that there are many NGO’s who have been supporting Congolese women and their quest for equal rights. This paper also answers how most NGO’s such as the UNDF views Congolese women in particular. The very attributes of Congolese women that are included

Economics in Context Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Economics in Context - Essay Example There is an overall increase in the price and quantity. ‘if the price of a complementary good increases then the demand for the good will fall. This will result in a leftward shift in the demand curve of any complementary good’(Biz/ed team 2010, Spotlight on the theory: Demand Curve, Movements) Obligation to follow fair trade policies has resulted in increased cost of production, thereby causing a decrease in supply as producers shift to other activities. This translates into a higher quantity at a lower price. The elasticity of demand price is becoming more inelastic for tea. This can be explained by the fact that rising tea prices have not deterred tea demand and have been accompanied by increased tea demand. Tea is a stable drink in the diets of many and is catching on in many countries like China and it has relatively few alternatives (only real one being coffee) which makes the demand inelastic. Another reason for the inelastic demand is that tea consumes a low percentage of the consumer’s income making them less sensitive to its price changes.(Price of Tea, Economics Help). This seems unlikely but an exception might exist for consumers who treat teas as a luxury, their demand would be price-elastic. The elasticity of supply price would tend to be inelastic. This is because although an increase in price should create more incentive for suppliers statistics show that this has not happened at least in the short run. At the moment for example supply is being outstripped by demand. Also irrigation, weather conditions and land shortages make it hard to increase tea production.( Rahman Lutfur Mohammad ‘Imapct of price and other factors on tea in Bangladesh: Sources of variation and Disparity over Vision) In the long run however supply is likely to respond to the tea pressure. It has been estimated by the FAO that supply will

Primate Observations Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Primate Observations - Research Paper Example Different species of the order primates responded differently to their respective subsequent environments thereby resulting in unique adaptive features thereby becoming completely different animals. Humans are the most civilized of the primates and possess distinct features from the rest of the non-human primates such as monkeys, chimpanzees, and apes among others. However, some of the non-human primates possess characteristics similar to those of humans thereby corroborating the common ancestry theory and the theory of evolution all of which seek to explain the origin of the different animals (Waal and Frans 55). Apes are arguably the largest arboreal animals implying that they are the largest mammals living in trees. The primates are of the biological family known as Hominoidea of the family Homo thereby making them very closely related to humans. They therefore have numerous personality traits similar to those exhibited by humans. The primates are herbivores and natives of Africa and East Asia owing to the existence of large tropical services that provided adequate habitation. Currently, they live in different parts of the world owing to animal transportation by humans and their own migrations as conflict between them and humans heighten. However, some of the apes can eat other animals a feature that quantifies the primates as being both carnivores and herbivores. Monkeys on the other hand are a category of primates of the family cacopithecidae. Just as any other primate, they are natives of Africa and parts of East Asia and are of numerous species. The deferment species possess different features with a majority of the species being arboreal while others leave on the ground. Monkeys have tails that they use frequently in their daily survival activities. They are smaller than any other primate is and live in groups consisting of both males and females. Apes and monkeys as observed during the tour of the zoo exhibit a number of traits similar to those of huma ns while others are strange and therefore set them apart from the rest of human primates. Their different characteristics are results of their different habitats occurrences that validate the evolution theory and its elated adaptations. Apes and monkeys live in groups, they are social animals a feature that distinct the primates from the rest of other mammals. The animals are social and therefore live in societies consisting of males, females, and children. In their societies, the adults protect the young ones and provide them with food. This is typical of humans who are also very social and coexist peacefully with one another despite the constant competition for food among other resources. Additionally, humans show affection and protection to their children. The monkeys and apes showed great protection to their babies often carrying them below their bellies. In case they released their babies, the mothers ensured that the company was safe and only among other monkeys or apes. This way, the other apes teased the baby and played with it before sharing their meals with it. Additionally, the apes and the monkey showed affection to the old amongst them. While they fought for the food thrown at them, they never scrambled for those that fell close to the old. This is synonymous to human who are the most civilized primates and show great affection to both their old and the young. The theory of evolution and the evolution of humans assert that before inventing the upright position, humans just like the rest of the non-human primates carried their babies on their underbellies (Kinzey 34). This position proved convenient for walking on the four feet and for handling both food and tools. The primates at the zoo corroborated this claim. With their babies in

International Mass Communications Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

International Mass Communications - Assignment Example Money, Power, and Wall Street tells an epic story of the 2008 financial crisis presented in nonfictional motion pictures by the US media. According to Khan (2012), the first part of the documentary narrates how a group of young bankers, from Wall Street, who revolutionized the banking sector. They came up with the credit default swap, a complicated derivative, which initially aimed at managing risk and stabilizing the financial system (Gay, 2012). This system was to ensure loaning out of capital instead of reserving it. Use of this system, they believed, would spread risk around in a very innovative way. Adoption and efficient use of this system enabled banks to pull the credit default system successfully. 14 years later, the rise of this financial engineering that ensured credit default trades were tied to the mortgage loans brought the American economy down. According to the article Money, Power and Wall Street Part One and Two (2012), the country experienced the most horrible economic crisis in 80 years. The 2008 financial crisis and the resulting recession had adverse effects on the global economy as it cost the whole world trillion of dollars (Murray, 2011). Since America is the epitome of the world economy, the crisis affected the whole world and became a matter of global concern. The issue was reported by both non-American and American media, which influenced the perspective of the public towards the crisis. The incident gives a clear picture of the role played by the media in international issues in shaping the global public’s view on a given matter. CNN among other major media sources reported the crisis widely and kept on bringing developments including America’s foreign policy in response to the crisis. It could be said that there was the CNN effect. CNN effect is where communication technology is used to evoke responses from the public on issues (Robinson, 1999). Though American media sources were the major

Investigation Plan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Investigation Plan - Assignment Example Anu. With regards to the questions that should be posed to her, the first of these is what specifically gave her the impression that she was not considered due to her ethnic background/religious views. Accordingly the second question would necessarily be whether or not the employer made any direct or indirect comments, whether legal or illegal with reference to national origin, religion, or any other aspects covered under the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Guerin & DelPo, 2009). Similarly, the second stakeholder that should be interviewed by the EEOC is the human resources manager. Although if this is a small firm, the human resources manager may very well be the same as the general manager, if it is a larger firm, the human resources manager will be a separate position in and of itself. The reason for this individual being chosen is due to the fact that the EEOC will need to determine the level and extent to which compliance with an appreciation of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 is current ly being exhibited within the firm and within the employment process. With regards to the specific questions that the EEOC investigator should ask this individual, these would necessarily be concentric around the questions that are generally asked during an interview process as well whether an offer of employment was made over the phone to Anu. This second question will have a great deal of importance with regards to the final discussion that will be integrated within this brief analysis; i.e. the proof and understanding of whether or not an offer of employment was made and if it was to what conditions, if any, existed within this offer. The final stakeholder that must that certainly be is the hiring manager was responsible for interview Anu. As a result of the previous, the EEOC investigator will be able to determine based upon the spinal be whether or not Anu ultimately has a case or not (Leonard, 2007). The first question should be asked to this hiring is how many employees he/sh e employed at the time that Anu was offered her position stop this is an important but is the answer to that that Civil Rights Act of 1964 only applied to firms with 14 or more employees. If the firm had fewer than 14 employees the time that Anu was offered her position, this negates involvement that the EEOC might be played with regards to get case. Additionally, the hiring manager should be asked whether or not there is any process or work that a potential higher might be responsible for that would require them not to wear a sari. This last question is due to the fact that the Civil Rights Act of 1964 specifically denotes that an employer can make an exception to the discriminatory clauses elaborated upon in title VII should there be what is known and referred to as a bona fide occupational qualification. As such, if an employee in the bakery is responsible for a job that would require that they not wear loose fitting clothing, this might be understood as a bona fide occupational qualification (Lavin & DiMichele, 2012). Finally, it should be strongly noted that the exchange upon which Anu was offered the job took place over the phone stop accordingly, there exists no legal proof as to whether any conditions of employment were integrated within the offer was given. By discussing this topic with both the HR manager and the hiring

Culturological Assessment of Domestic Violence Against Hispanic Women Essay

Culturological Assessment of Domestic Violence Against Hispanic Women - Essay Example (Powell 1) The purpose of this paper is to evaluate three aspects of domestic violence as it relates to Latinas. A review of the broad societal issues inherent within this ethnic community, an idea of some of the specific reasons why Hispanic women will stay in an abusive relationship, and a look at a few of the cultural values that make this segment of the population particularly vulnerable will yield insight into the problem and its intricate components. To gain a more complete understanding of the domestic violence plague faced by women in the Hispanic community, it is important to understand the broad contributory issues specific to the Latin community at large. Without over-simplifying the factors that contribute to domestic violence perpetrated against Hispanic women, there are three general segments of social integration which are understood to pre-condition these women to a higher risk of incidence of abuse; acculturation, citizenship status, and economic condition. Acculturation is the process of acquiring the different traits and social patterns reflected in the new society. It is the natural human adaptation to a different environment. We know that the "process of acculturation to American values and norms is an important factor influencing help-seeking behavior." (Yoshioka 172) Other studies suggest that this progression of acclimating to a foreign atmosphere "has been found to affect the risk of partner violence." (Frias 554) The course of adjusting to a new society is particularly fraught with hazard for Hispanic women. Whether it is the challenge of learning a new language or developing a sense of belonging, the degree to which an individual has been assimilated into her surroundings impacts her ability to respond to a crisis, particularly one of violence in her home. The calculus is fairly straightforward; the more comfortable a woman is within her new world, the better equipped she is to deal with the adverse circumstances into which d omestic abuse thrusts her. Surprisingly, the citizenship status of individuals has a direct bearing upon the frequency and severity of domestic violence. Generally, it is clear to the casual observer that non-citizens "have taken enormous risks and...continue to be threatened daily with a fear of deportation and the ever-looming presence of the INS." (Community Partnership 1) The stress associated with large-scale disruption of life and home can easily contribute to an environment of hostility between domestic partners. Specifically, studies show that "immigrant women who arrived before the age of 15 are at a higher risk of partner violence." (Frias 561) While the minutiae of various causes of this phenomenon may be debated, citizenship status appears to impact the resolve of these women to end the domestic abuse cycle. It could be posited that once citizenship is established, there is an emotional ownership of the new country that reduces a woman's willingness to tolerate abuse in the home. The economic situation of Hispanic women also has a role to play in domestic violence.